Definition and Examples of Zimbabwean English

Zimbabwean English is the variety of the English language spoken in the Republic of Zimbabwe, located in southern Africa. English is the primary language used in schools in Zimbabwe, but it is one of the 16 official languages in the country.   Examples and Observations: From Rhodesia to ZimbabweZimbabwe, earlier Southern Rhodesia, became a British colony in 1898. By 1923 it gained a measure of self-government and was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from 1953 to 1963. Like South Africa, Southern Rhodesia had a settled white population, the leaders of whom opposed the notion of one man, one vote. In 1965, the white minority broke away from Britain but its Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) was declared illegal. In 1980, general elections were held and Zimbabwe came into existence.(Loreto Todd and Ian F. Hancock, International English Usage. Routledge, 1986)Influences on  Zimbabwean EnglishRhodesian English is regarded as a fossil, non-productive dialect. Independence as a democratic republic under black majority rule in 1980 changed the social, economic and political conditions in which blacks and whites interacted in Zimbabwe; in this environment, it is appropriate to refer to the prevailing English dialect in the country as Zimbabwean English (ZimE) as it is a productive and changing variety. . . .The principal influences on Rhodesian English lexis are Afrikaans and Bantu (mainly chiShona and isiNdebele). The more informal the situation, the more likely it is is to encounter local expressions.(Susan Fitzmaurice, L1 Rhodesian English. The Lesser-Known Varieties of English, ed. by D. Schreier et al. Cambridge University Press, 2010)Characteristics of  Zimbabwean English[W]hite Zimbabweans perceive that their dialect of English is distinct from other southern African accents. They . . . refer to details of pronunciation and lexis in order to illustrate how their speech differs from British English on the one hand and South African English on the other. For example, informants will refer to the fact that lakker . . . is a Zimbabwean word. Actually, it is a loanword from Afrikaans lekker, nice, but it is pronounced in a specifically Zimbabwean way, namely with a more open front vowel: lakker  [là ¦ kÉ™]  and without a final flapped [r]. Additionally, Zimbabwean English has unique lexical expressions, many of them dating from early colonial days, some adaptations or innovations, some loan translations. For example, the (now quite old-fashioned) approbatory adjective mush or mushy . . . nice may well have arisen out of the persistent misunderstanding of the Shona word musha  home, while shupa (v. and n.) worry, bother, hassle, is a borrowing from Fanagalo, the colonial pidgin used by whites. The verb chaya strike ( Shona tshaya) also occurs in Fanagalo. Thus white Zimbabweans . . . link their dialect to the matter of the identification with place and differentiate themselves from those from neighboring South Africa for instance.(Susan Fitzmaurice, History, Social Meaning, and Identity in the Spoken English of White Zimbabweans.  Developments in English: Expanding Electronic Evidence, ed. by  Irma Taavitsainen  et al. Cambridge University Press, 2015)English in Zimba bweEnglish is the official language of Zimbabwe, and much teaching in schools is also carried out in English, except in the case of the youngest Shomna- and Ndebele-speaking children. . . . The Zimbabwean English of the native anglophone population resembles very closely that of South Africa, but according to Wells (1982) it has never been systematically studied. Native English speakers make up less than 1 per cent of the total population of 11 million.(Peter Trudgill, Lesser-Known Varieties of English. Alternative Histories of English, ed. by R. J. Watts and P. Trudgill. Routledge, 2002) Also Known As: Rhodesian English

Swot and Pestle Alcohol Industry Essay - 2215 Words

Strengths The market of online drinks retailing has grown very strongly these last five years, increasing by 123% between 2005 and 2010. Quantitatively, the market was valued at  £370 million in 2005 and more than  £740 million in 2009. More importantly, a survey of Mintel assumes that the market will continue to grow in the next five years, though more slowly (59%). By the year of 2012, which is for our business the year of setting up, the market should go past the  £1 billion mark. There is a high demand among the young consumers (18-24 years old), explained by the convenience of getting the products with online drinks shopping. This is a very interesting fact for our business, as our major customers are students from the†¦show more content†¦Besides, it has been said that in the Treasurys own records, we can notice that higher duty does not imply higher revenue for the government. It really highlights that willingness to fight against antisocial binge drinking, but also to reduce the consequences of alcohol abuse on NHS resources, rather than making profit from the alcohol industry. Trends in levels of alcohol duty, 2004-10 (Mintel) | |Beer |Spirits* |Wine |Cider and Perry | | |For every 1% of strength per 100 litres |For every 1% of strength per 100 litres |per 100 litres |(up to 7.5%) | | | £ | £ | £ | £ | | | | | | | |21/03/2004 |12.59 |19.56 |163.47 |25.61 | |21/03/2005 |12.92 |19.56 |167.72 |25.61 | |22/03/2006 |13.26 |19.56 |172.17 |25.61 |Show MoreRelatedEssay on kingfisher2530 Words   |  11 Pages Page No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 BACKGROUND 1 3 SWOT ANALYSIS 2 3.1 Strengths 2 3.2 Weaknesses Read MoreSab Miller Essay3712 Words   |  15 Pagesal., 2008, pg. 740-745). After a brief introduction to what strategy means for organizations, the report tries to explain the current strategic position of SABMiller by analysis of the organization’s competencies internally and also the external industry and environmental structure, followed by this the report will discuss the implications of this current position for the future. Finally the report will conclude highlighting the importance of strategic management to SABMiller. Firstly it is veryRead MoreCompany s External And Internal Environment Analysis1387 Words   |  6 Pagesexternal and internal environment analysis to evaluate the company in the industry and future developments. Assess the external environment mainly through PESTLE Analysis and Porter s 5 Forces. Strategic Recourses Capability Analysis for internal environmental assessment is conducted. Finally, the company somehow SWOT analysis, concluded †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ This article mainly refer to the company s annual financial reports, industry reports and official website as references. 1. Introduction Britvic plcRead MoreCompetitive Strategy Coopers Brewery Essay4073 Words   |  17 Pagescompany also changed its constitution to prevent any future takeovers by large corporations. Through the use of various tools, including SWOT, PESTLE and Porters 5 Forces, this report investigates the key strategies employed by Coopers in order to analyse the company, its financial situation, competitors and competitive advantage. As competition in the beer industry in Australia is intense, this report will make recommendations, including blue ocean strategies, to develop new product lines and theRead MoreMcdonald‘S Business Strategy Essay4719 Words   |  19 PagesAppendices...................................................................................12 Appendix 1: McDonald’s Mission, Aim and Objectives Appendix 2: PESTLE Analysis Appendix 3: SWOT Analysis Appendix 4: Porter’s Five Forces Appendix 5: Value Chain Appendix 6: Market shares of the major players in fast food industry. Appendix 7: Internet search related to the VAT Reference List †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦23 Read MoreMarketing Strategy of Bud Light3687 Words   |  15 PagesMarketing Strategy Anheuser-Busch’s [pic] Table of Content 1. Summary 1 2. Introduction 1 3. SWOT Analysis 1 3.1 The SWOT analysis of Anheuser-Busch 2 4. PETSLE analysis 3 5. Competitors 5 6. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) 5 7. Segmentation Targeting and Positioning 6 8. Company’s objectives - SMART 7 9. Marketing Mix 4P’s 7 10. Possible Strategies for Anheuser-Busch in General 9 11. Conclusion 9 I. Appendices II. References III. Internet resources Summary The authorRead MoreMarks And Spencer s Business Strategy Essay1961 Words   |  8 Pagespaper will look at Marks and Spencer s business strategy and its objective business aims. Various areas will be evaluated within this assignment and from these considerations a critical evaluation will be proposed and I will complete a SWOT analysis and PESTLE analysis. COMPANIES OVERVIEW Marks Spencer (MS) is one of the leading retailers of the United Kingdom; with 24 million customers its high quality clothing, food, home products, and financial services are proven to be very popular. TheRead MoreTesco Strategy Analysis2833 Words   |  12 PagesEurope and Asia. This study explored the competition inside the retail industry in Malaysia. Now, that Tesco has opened 16 stores in Malaysia, the retail industry becomes very competitive. The study analyzed the profile, the company’s goals and objectives and the industry life cycle, which is very important in strategic and competitive study of an organization, especially in the retail and service industry. Since the retail industry undergoes very diverse change almost everyday, it is just right thatRead MoreAnalysis of Marks Spencers Business Environment2810 Words   |  12 Pagesbusiness environment of Mamp;S. It will identify and analyse the appropriate key factors and issues affecting the environment in which the organisation operates in. This will be completed through the use of strategic analysis tools, Porter’s 5 force, PESTLE, SWOT, financial trend analysis and lastly ration analysis. The report will also discuss and evaluate the findings from the tools in order to provide appropriate recommendations in which the organisation can act upon to improve their business performanceRead MoreTesco - Strategic Marketing Techqniques4928 Words   |  20 Pageswider environment in which changes affect our marketing plans but are unlikely to be affected by what we do. Information gained from environment scanning as to be analysed in an appropriate manner and thus a recognizable model known at the STEP or PESTLE model is used which influences the wider environment. Before looking at the STEP categories it is important to map out both the immediate and wider marketing environment as follows Socio-Cultural Factors Customers Technical Factors

For Esme- With Love and Squalor Essay - 1089 Words

For Esme- With Love and Squalor 1) In â€Å"For Esme- With Love and Squalor,† J.D. Salinger addresses a part of every person’s life. Everyone experiences periods in their life when they question the world and what is happening around them. Most people probably do not experience it quite as dramatic as the writer of the story, Sergeant X, does. He finds himself in the middle of the pure madness of war, and is having a hard time coping with the realities of the situation. Eventually, people find their way of dealing with these moments. Sergeant X relies on his memories of Esme to help him. The theme of the story is that the innocence of youth can serve as a healing power in times when the world seems to be falling apart. 2)†¦show more content†¦We experience the pain and suffering that he endures. We are also able to understand how Esme’s innocence is able to end that suffering. 4) The main characters in the story help to illustrate the theme by contrasting the two different â€Å"worlds† in the story. Esme, although she only knows the writer for a short time, has a profound impact on him. Esme is intelligent, but it is obvious that she is trying much too hard to impress the author. Her dramatic vocabulary and over use of the word â€Å"extremely† is childish and annoying. During the choir practice the coach says that children should â€Å"†¦absorb the meanings of the words they sing, not just mouth them, like silly billy parrots.† 5) However, it is not the intelligence she displays, it is her innocence and child-like appearance that the writer concentrates on the most. We are told before she approaches that she is giving â€Å"qualified smiles†, or appearing sexually mature. The way he describes her crossed ankles and feet as being lovely, further supports the characteristics of her being naà ¯ve and not sexually alluring. The author also notes Esme’s lack of compassion, this also adds to the idea of her as being innocent and unaware of the realities of war. She describes her father as being â€Å"S-L-A-I-N.† This is later used at the end of the story to mock Esme’s naà ¯ve remark that he returns from the war with all his â€Å"faculties intact.† 6) The character of Corporal ZShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of `` For Esme, With Love And Squalor ``1608 Words   |  7 PagesIn his short story, â€Å"For Esmà ©, with Love and Squalor,† J.D. Salinger utilizes the function of secondary characters to expose the correlation between the contrasting ideas of idealism and cynicism. The three minor characters of Esmà ©, her brother Charles, and Corporal Z all play different but necessary roles in the mental and emotional development of the main character, Sergeant X. While the characters of Esmà © and Charles represent the best traits of humanity, their lifestyles contrast that of CorporalRead MoreSummary Of Salinger s The Doctrine Of Love 1994 Words   |  8 Pageshas implemented many replicated themes. Love is possibly the most prevalent throughout all of his writings and is displayed in such works as â€Å"A Perfect Day for Bananafish,† â€Å"The Laughing Man,† â€Å"For Esme—With Love and Squalor,à ¢â‚¬  â€Å"Pretty Mouth and Green My Eyes,† â€Å"Teddy,† and â€Å"Uncle Wiggly in Connecticut.† Salinger uses the element of Love to bring about more meaning in the stories and depth to the each of their plots, and does so by displaying the element of Love in the characters and their situationsRead MoreJD Salinger Research Paper1671 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation on the enemy. Salinger duty required him to travel long distances and he had a jeep at his disposal. (Eberhard 7) His experiences as a Counter Intelligence Corp member are best depicted in two stories, â€Å"The Stranger† and â€Å"For Esme-with Love and Squalor† In â€Å"The Stranger,† Salinger creates his first war time alter ego, the main character Sergeant Babe Gladwaller, who has the same Army identification tag number as Salinger, ASN 32325200. Gladwaller reports that his friend Vincent CaulfieldRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger507 Words   |  2 Pagesand motivators to an adult. For instance, in For Esme- With Love and Squalor by Salinger, the children Esme and Charles meet sergeant X, a traumatized soldier, and distracts him from his past and shows him happiness which he hasnt seen in a while. Salinger shows that children can impact the worst man and make that person see light through darkness. Later through the story, it takes place during the war and sergeant X receives a letters from Esme, which made him peaceful and at rest. â€Å" He sat withRead MoreNine Stories2223 Words   |  9 Pages Mary Jane visits Eloise at her house, and thus ensues a night of drunken revelations. Immediately, Eloise appears un happy to the point of severity, and Mary Jane takes a back seat to Eloises readily apparent issues. We learn that Eloise lost the love of her life in the war (a common villain in Nine Stories) and has resigned herself to a lackluster, unwanted marriage. Shes so unsatisfied with her life and her past that she takes it out on everyone, especially her daughter Ramona who has an imaginaryRead MoreMy Reflection On My Job1500 Words   |  6 Pagesupon these two sections, both of which required restraint on my part to stop me from taking an obscene number of books home. [gallery ids=4545,4546 type=square columns=2] I dodged the pictured criticism for now (the one about For Esme with Love and Squalor was especially difficult to leave behind), but I did pick up some on Frost--in the hopes it would help me further my understanding of Home Burial--along with item I the Wilson play that was the impetus for my journey. On my way out ofRead MoreJ.b. Salinger s A Perfect Day For Bananafish 1714 Words   |  7 PagesRegiment. After the war he started his writing career back up for the New Yorker. Some of his most popular stories include his first story for The New Yorker, A Perfect Day for Bananafish which is about the suicide of a veteran and For Esmà © With Love and Squalor which describes a U.S. soldier s meeting with two British kids. He has published a total of thirty five short stories including many in The Saturday Evening Post, Story, and Colliers between 1940 and 1948 and in The New Yorker from 1948Read MoreMy Opinion On Teaching Style Essay1837 Words   |  8 Pagesbook choices and this on e is a prime choice for a pseudo-Naturalist view. The Lottery also has strong symbolism pertaining to being blinded by old traditions which is not something we have explored yet. The last short story picked is For Esme with Love and Squalor. This provides a multitude of settings as well as a sort of meta story. This allows us to explore a few of the remaining settings that we have not previously visited, being the wartime front and an urban center. Also, the symbolism foundRead More J. D. Salinger Essay2481 Words   |  10 PagesSalingers regiment and that Salinger became disgusted when Hemingway shot the head off a chicken to demonstrate the merits of a German Lager (French 25). The incident so affected Salinger that he incorporates it into his short story, For Esme: with Love and Squalor, with a corporal named Clay shooting the head off a cat and constantly dwelling upon the senseless act. The relationship between Hemingway and Salinger would last until Hemingways death in 1961. Despite having a personal relationship withRead MoreD. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1872 Words   |  8 Pageswriter (J.D. Salinger; Blackstock 1,800). Later, he returned to the United States, but he divorced Sylvia in 1946 (J.D. Salinger). In 1947, Salinger began writing short stories for The New Yorker, and one of the short stories was For Esmà ©-with Love and Squalor which was became one most unique America stories of 1950s (Blackstock 1,800). Later, the author moved to Tarrytown, New York; published The Catcher in the Rye in 1951; and moved back to Europe and then Mexico to avoid publicity (1,800)

Making and Adoption of Health Data Standards Free Essays

Critical Analysis Paper: The Making and Adoption of Health Data Standards Health Data Standards (HDS) are a key part of the construction of a National Health Information Network (NHIN). Having these standards will increase interoperability of various groups and organizations, improve safety, lower costs, and enable providers in all aspects of healthcare to access the same patient medical information easily and efficiently. W. We will write a custom essay sample on Making and Adoption of Health Data Standards or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. Hammond (2005), discusses the urgent need for HDS, the process of creating these standards, problems and issues regarding the development and implementation of these standards, and he suggests possible solutions to these issues. According to Hammond (2005), HDS are crucial to building an interchange of health data between different sites involved in patient care, building a population database for public health surveillance and bioterrorism defense, creating a network of personal health records and a regional health network, and the development of a â€Å"patient centric† electronic health record. Interoperability is discussed as the goal of the development of HDS. Interoperability is the ability of different organizations, structures, and systems to work together and communicate; sharing information, by using common words and data elements. These common data elements; such as medications, measurements, or lab tests, must be in the same â€Å"language† for different systems to be able to access them. Hammond suggests, however, that no one has been able to define the data standards necessary for the development of a functional NHIN. No successful resolution or plan has been put into place to create a system of data standards in the United States. Although there are standards that exist, there is no nationwide coordination of these standards which would make them useful. HDS are created for the benefit of patients, vendors, healthcare organizations, the government, and society in general. Hammond (2005) relates these standards to the barcode system used in grocery stores or the standardization of ATM machines to accept all kinds of debit cards. Even though different â€Å"brands† are competing against one another, standardization will benefit all involved parties. A single, integrated system is the best solution. Using different systems requires the use of expensive, custom made interfaces. HDS would avoid this problem. To develop standards, the individual organizations involved must â€Å"buy-in† to the acceptance process. Hammond suggests that standards can be created by interested parties who join to create a standard, the government, marketplace competition and the adoption of new technology, or by a formal consensus process lead by an organization such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ANSI is a private, non-profit organization which administers and coordinates United States voluntary standards activities. It defines the formal balloting process for HDS which is used by most Standards Development Organizations (SDOs). Hammond lists several issues with the progress and acceptance of HDS. These include competition between SDOs, problems with the balloting process, the interest of vendors, HIPAA standards, and the involvement of stakeholders. Since healthcare is such a dynamic field, new standards must be approved often. This process is taking too long and has caused administrative burdens in trying to fill in the gaps. There is also a lack of funding for the development of HDS. In addition, there is no universally agreed upon method of approving standards in a timely fashion to ensure that vendors make money on their products while keeping up with rapidly changing standards. A registry for data elements is also needed and has yet to be developed. Finally, stakeholder input is needed in the standards development process and this has also posed a challenge. Clinical specialist input is increasingly important in order to develop a set of standards which is relevant to healthcare workers in the field. Building this type of knowledge base has been difficult, according to Hammond (2005). Hammond (2005) suggests that past efforts to identify and create standards have been poorly executed and in order for the US health care system to move forward, current issues must be resolved. He suggests that a neutral, non-profit organization in the private sector should be authorized to manage HDS. Funding should come from membership dues, revenue from services, and the federal government. Clinical groups should volunteer to share their expertise to help create new standards. These steps, he claims, will resolve the issues currently hindering the advancement of HDS development. These ideas, however, are neither new nor untested. Hammond’s ideas have been used in the past in the quest for a NHIN and they have not yet been successful. The process of finding successful HDS is not simple and finding a solution will not be as easy as Hammond suggests. References Hammond, W. E. (2005). The making and adoption of health data standards. Health Affairs, 24(5), 1205-1213. doi: 10. 1377/hlthaff. 24. 5. 1205 How to cite Making and Adoption of Health Data Standards, Essay examples

Comparing Religions of the World free essay sample

There are 3 different categories of religions that are still practiced in this world, Abrahamic, Dharmic, and Taoic. A lot of Religions are categorized by these, but they all have a specific meaning. Abrahamic means that the religions are monotheistic and trace to their origin of Abraham. Dharmic religions have a great importance in Indian philosophy and religions, and Taoic religions originate from the far eastern, often in China or India. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are in the Abrahamic category. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism are all Dharmic religions, where Taoism, Confucianism, and Shintoism are Taoic religions. Many of these religions are still practiced today. Many of which are very popular, and many not so much. Christianity was formed when people started believing that Christ was Gods son, even though the religion wasnt officially formed until christian and catholic churches started teaching from the Latin Bible. Judaism, on the other hand, is not very popular. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Religions of the World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There arent any big Jewish cities or countries, besides Israel, but there are many Jews spread across the world. Islam was founded by Muhammad, in 622 CE. The people that believe in Allah (their God) are called Muslims. They also believe that Muhammad was a prophet or a messenger from God. Muslims worship the Koran (a Book) and Allah (a God). This religion is an Abrahamic religion, which means it is a monotheistic religion. Muslims pray facing Mecca, to worship Muhammads birth place. They also celebrate a world wide holiday called Ramadan, where they fast for a month. The large populations of Muslims are located in North Africa, Indonesia, and South western part of Asia. Buddhism is a Dharmic Religion, which means it is very important to Indian Philosophy. Buddhism was founded by Gautama Siddhartha, in the fifth century, in Nepal. People that believe in Buddhism are called Buddhists. Buddhists have a ritual of Meditating to find inner peace, and they read the Tripitaka, the holy book of Buddhism. Buddhists celebrate Hanamatsuri, Vesak, Band the Bodhi Day. They believe in the Four Noble Truths: life is suffering, suffering is due to attachment, attachment can be overcome, and there is a path for accomplishing this. Taoism originated in Eastern China, and was founded by Lao-Tse, which became a state religion in 440 CE. People that believe in Taoism worship the Tao Te Ching. Many people in Eastern China are Taoists. Taoists also have the ritual of meditating. Taoism and Buddhism are more beliefs than a religion. Islam, for example has rules to live by to be a Muslim, whereas Buddhism, or Taoism, only needs a persons own belief in what he wants to follow. I learned that there are many religions in existence, also, that by many you have to, both, believe, and follow the rules, but by some you just have to believe. I learned that many religions are not passed down to an offspring, though a lot are, the person, himself, has to decide on their own. There are 3 categories religions are categorized by, and they all have their own meaning. Comparing Religions of the World free essay sample There are 3 different categories of religions that are still practiced in this world, Abrahamic, Dharmic, and Taoic. A lot of Religions are categorized by these, but they all have a specific meaning. Abrahamic means that the religions are monotheistic and trace to their origin of Abraham. Dharmic religions have a great importance in Indian philosophy and religions, and Taoic religions originate from the far eastern, often in China or India. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are in the Abrahamic category. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism are all Dharmic religions, where Taoism, Confucianism, and Shintoism are Taoic religions. Many of these religions are still practiced today. Many of which are very popular, and many not so much. Christianity was formed when people started believing that Christ was Gods son, even though the religion wasnt officially formed until christian and catholic churches started teaching from the Latin Bible. Judaism, on the other hand, is not very popular. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Religions of the World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There arent any big Jewish cities or countries, besides Israel, but there are many Jews spread across the world. Islam was founded by Muhammad, in 622 CE. The people that believe in Allah (their God) are called Muslims. They also believe that Muhammad was a prophet or a messenger from God. Muslims worship the Koran (a Book) and Allah (a God). This religion is an Abrahamic religion, which means it is a monotheistic religion. Muslims pray facing Mecca, to worship Muhammads birth place. They also celebrate a world wide holiday called Ramadan, where they fast for a month. The large populations of Muslims are located in North Africa, Indonesia, and South western part of Asia. Buddhism is a Dharmic Religion, which means it is very important to Indian Philosophy. Buddhism was founded by Gautama Siddhartha, in the fifth century, in Nepal. People that believe in Buddhism are called Buddhists. Buddhists have a ritual of Meditating to find inner peace, and they read the Tripitaka, the holy book of Buddhism. Buddhists celebrate Hanamatsuri, Vesak, Band the Bodhi Day. They believe in the Four Noble Truths: life is suffering, suffering is due to attachment, attachment can be overcome, and there is a path for accomplishing this. Taoism originated in Eastern China, and was founded by Lao-Tse, which became a state religion in 440 CE. People that believe in Taoism worship the Tao Te Ching. Many people in Eastern China are Taoists. Taoists also have the ritual of meditating. Taoism and Buddhism are more beliefs than a religion. Islam, for example has rules to live by to be a Muslim, whereas Buddhism, or Taoism, only needs a persons own belief in what he wants to follow. I learned that there are many religions in existence, also, that by many you have to, both, believe, and follow the rules, but by some you just have to believe. I learned that many religions are not passed down to an offspring, though a lot are, the person, himself, has to decide on their own. There are 3 categories religions are categorized by, and they all have their own meaning.

Market Oriented Distribution Decision

Question: Discuss about the Market Oriented Distribution Decision. Answer: Introduction: Product distribution decision is highly dependent on the target market. The overarching term atmospherics refers to evaluate the discipline of designing the commercial spaces. Before distributing particular products, the marketing experts have to evaluate which particular commercial space would be suitable for those specific products to be distributed (Dustmann, Frattini and Preston, 2013). In order to circulate a product in the market, the marketing experts should create such a commercial space that can easily draw the attention of target buyers. For an example, in order to distribute female fashionable garments in the market of Australia, the marketing managers of The Iconic can choose Melbourne as a city due to its high population. In addition, the citizens of Melbourne are out-an-out developed both economically and socially. The average income level of the target female consumer is high in range. Therefore, the marketing managers can decide to choose Melbourne as the commercial place for distributing the fashionable garments of females. A producer would like to choose more than more than one marketing channel only when the business organization would like to promote their products and services beyond going the regional market, the producer would like to use different marketing channels. For an example, in order to expand the business in different multinational countries, the marketing executives can focus on both social media as well as electronic media. Social media would like to draw the attention of people from different geographical boundaries for drawing the attention of young female group (Hirth, 2013). On the other hand, electronic media would like to multiply the messages in different areas for drawing the attention of different age group. Reference List: Dustmann, C., Frattini, T., Preston, I. P. (2013). The effect of immigration along the distribution of wages.The Review of Economic Studies,80(1), 145-173. Hirth, L. (2013). The market value of variable renewables: The effect of solar wind power variability on their relative price.Energy economics,38, 218-236.